Spermicides
Spermicide is a non-prescription barrier method of reversible birth control. It is available in a variety of contraceptive preparations, including creams, film, foams, jellies, and suppositories which are liquids or solids that melt after they are inserted.
These products are inserted deep into the vagina shortly before intercourse. The chemical spermicide that they contain immobilizes sperm — preventing it from joining with an egg.
How Spermicide Works
Contraceptive foams block the entrance to the uterus with bubbles and contain a spermicide that immobilizes sperm.
Contraceptive creams, jellies, film, and suppositories melt into a thick liquid throughout the vagina. They block the entrance to the uterus and contain spermicide that immobilizes sperm.
How Well Spermicide Works
Of 100 women who use contraceptive foam, cream, jelly, film, or suppositories, 29 will become pregnant during the first year of typical use. Fifteen will become pregnant with perfect use. Using a condom increases effectiveness.
Spermicide cannot reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections. Latex and female condoms can.
| Using the spermicide nonoxynol-9 many times a day, by people at risk for HIV, or for anal sex, may irritate tissue and increase the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. |
How Spermicide Is Used
Detailed instructions for correct use are included in the packaging. Be sure to read and understand them before you use any of these products.
Contraceptive foams, creams, jellies, film, and suppositories usually require waiting 10 minutes after insertion before intercourse can begin. These methods typically only remain effective for one hour after insertion. Usually, a woman lies down or squats, then gently inserts the contraceptive deep into her vagina. More spermicide must be inserted each time vaginal intercourse is repeated. Women who douche should not do so for six to eight hours after intercourse.
Advantages of Spermicide
Once learned, insertion is easy and spermicide
can be inserted by a partner as part of sex play
does not have an effect on a woman’s natural hormones
is very easy to get — can be purchased in drugstores and some supermarkets
does not require a prescription
| Special Advantages for Teens — Many teen women have vaginal intercourse only now and then. Many of them prefer to use over-the-counter methods on those occasions. That way they avoid the possible, ongoing side effects of prescription methods. |
Possible Disadvantages of Spermicide
If not used exactly as directed, these products may not form a good barrier over the cervix. Some women complain of messiness or leakage.
Spermicide may irritate the penis or vagina. Switching brands may solve this problem.
How to Get Spermicide and What It Costs
Spermicide is available at family planning clinics, drugstores, and some supermarkets.
Applicator kits of foam and gel are about $8. Refills cost $4–$8. Large cans of foam contain between 20 and 40 applications. Film and suppositories are priced similarly. The cost in clinics or when authorized by a private doctor is covered by Medicaid in some states.
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