Intestinal Parasites
(in-TES-tin-al PAR-ah-sites)
Intestinal parasites are protozoa — microscopic, one-cell animals — that live in the intestines. Some of the more common infections caused by intestinal parasites are amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. Intestinal parasites are often transmitted by contaminated food and water and during nonsexual, intimate contact. They may also be transmitted sexually. They are common in places with inadequate hygiene and sanitation. Intestinal protozoa can be very serious — even life threatening — for people with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV. Millions of Americans have intestinal parasites.
Common symptoms — if they occur
- diarrhea, which may become severe and chronic
- abdominal pain
- bloating
- nausea, vomiting
However, intestinal parasites do not always cause symptoms.
How intestinal parasites are spread: oral contact with fecal matter through
- contaminated food or water
- oral/anal sex play
- other kinds of sex play
- nonsexual intimate contact, such as diaper changing
Diagnosis: Examination of stool. Other tests are sometimes required, such as proctoscopy — a test that involves a clinician inserting a thin lighted tube into the rectum.
Treatment: Drugs are available, but pregnant women cannot take some of them. Treatments are often not effective for people with weakened immune systems.
Protection: Observe strict rules of day-to-day hygiene. Latex or plastic barriers can be used during oral/anal contact to reduce the risk of intestinal parasites.
Updated 2005.
© 2005 Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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