| Yes, it is true. Young men are most at risk for cancer of the testes — most cases occur in men aged 15–39. Even though testicular cancer rarely occurs (5.4 of every 100,000 U.S. white men and 0.7 of every 100,000 U.S. black men), it is the most common cancer seen among men aged 20–34. Only nine percent of men with testicular cancer are older than 50.
Testicular cancer happens if abnormal cells in one or both of the testicles grow uncontrollably. Certain factors increase the risk of developing testicular cancer:
- cryptorchidism — having a testicle that did not descend into the scrotum
- a family history of testicular cancer
- HIV
- Klinefelter's syndrome — a genetic condition that causes under-developed testicles and other problems
- having previously had testicular cancer
Early detection is very important. Treatment is very effective and there is a high cure rate. If untreated or detected late, it can spread to other parts of the body — and it may cause death. That's why men should become familiar with the way their testicles normally look and feel. That way they will be more likely to notice any changes.
Some men use testicular self-exams (TSEs) to check their testicles. If you would like to learn how to do a TSE, your clinician can teach you. Lumps and other changes are also noticed during activities such as showering or sex play. Most lumps are not cancerous — they may be caused by injury, infection, or other conditions. But report anything unusual to your clinician as soon as possible.
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